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1.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 34(2): 78-85, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-680915

ABSTRACT

Considerando a importância das mãos na cadeia de transmissão de microrganismos, esta pesquisa observacional investigou a infraestrutura material e a adesão à higienização das mãos em unidade de terapia intensiva do sul do Brasil, em 2010. Os dados foram coletados por observação direta não participante e emprego de instrumento autoaplicável a 39 profissionais, analisados com auxílio de Teste do χ², estatística descritiva e análise de discurso quantitativa. Embora os profissionais superestimem a adesão, reconheçam a prática como relevante para a prevenção de infecções e refiram não haver fatores de impedimento, entre 1277 oportunidades observadas, a adesão foi de 28,6%, e significativamente menor antes do contato e dos procedimentos assépticos do que após o contato com o paciente. A infraestrutura apresentou-se deficiente em funcionalidade. Os resultados implicam risco para a segurança dos pacientes, sendo relevante o planejamento de ações corretivas e que promovam essa prática.


Considering the importance of hands in the chain of transmission of microorganisms, this observational research investigated the material infrastructure and compliance of hand hygiene in an intensive care unit in the south of Brazil, in 2010. The data was collected by direct non-participant observation and through the use of self-administered questionnaires to be completed by the 39 participants, which was analyzed with the assistance of the χ² Test, descriptive statistics and quantitative discourse analysis. Although health professionals overestimate compliance rates, recognize the practice as relevant to the prevention of infection and refer there are no impeding factors, of the 1,277 opportunities observed, compliance was 26% and significantly lower before patient contact and the use of aseptic procedures than after patient contact: infrastructure was shown to be deficient. The results indicate risk to patient safety, and, thus, the planning of corrective actions to promote hand washing is relevant.


Con base en la importancia de las manos en la cadena de transmisión de microorganismos, esta investigación observacional tuvo el objetivo de observar la infraestructura material y la adhesión a la higienización de las manos en unidad de terapia intensiva del sur de Brasil, en 2010. Los datos fueron recogidos por la observación directa no participante y empleo de instrumento autoaplicable a 39 participantes, analizados con ayuda del Test de χ², estadística descriptiva y análisis de discurso cuantitativo. A pesar de que los profesionales sobrestimen la adhesión, reconocen la práctica como relevante para la prevención de infecciones y refieren no haber factores de impedimento. Entre 1277 oportunidades observadas, la adhesión fue del 28,6% y significativamente menor antes del contacto y procedimientos asépticos que después del contacto con el paciente; la infraestructura se ha presentado deficiente en funcionalidad. Los resultados revelan riesgo para la seguridad de los pacientes siendo relevante el planeamiento de acciones correctivas y que promuevan esa práctica.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Guideline Adherence , Hand Hygiene , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Patient Safety , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/supply & distribution , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Cross Infection/transmission , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Habits , Hand Disinfection/instrumentation , Hand Disinfection/standards , Hand Hygiene/standards , Health Care Surveys , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Assistants/statistics & numerical data , Nurses/statistics & numerical data , Physical Therapists/statistics & numerical data , Physicians/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sanitary Engineering/instrumentation , Sanitary Engineering/statistics & numerical data , Self Report , Soaps/supply & distribution , Toilet Facilities/statistics & numerical data
2.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1992 Sep; 23(3): 470-3
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-30624

ABSTRACT

Larval habitats of Armigeres subalbatus were delineated in urban and rural areas of Pondicherry. Survey of various potential mosquito breeding habitats revealed that septic tanks were the typical breeding habitat in both areas and the proportion was significantly higher in urban areas. The productive status of septic tanks differed in different months and the overall proportion breeding Ar. subalbatus was significantly higher in urban areas (0.0447) compared to rural areas (0.0181). Sporadic breeding observed in receptacles holding water admixed with cow-dung, was however insignificant. Among the various physico-chemical factors of septic tank habitat analysed in relation to breeding, only ammonia nitrogen was found to be significantly correlated with immature density.


Subject(s)
Animals , Breeding , Chemistry, Physical , Culicidae/physiology , Ecology , India , Larva/physiology , Chemical Phenomena , Sanitary Engineering/instrumentation , Seasons
3.
Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam ; 101(3): 208-216, sept. 1986.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-378206

ABSTRACT

En el campo de la ingenieria ambiental y sanitaria ha surgido una importante dicotomia entre los problemas nuevos y los antiguos que aun quedan por resolver. Entre estos ultimos sobresalen la multitud de enfermedades contagiosas favorecidas por el abastecimiento insuficiente de agua y el saneamiento deficiente. Entre los problemas nuevos destacan la exposición de las personas a productos quimicos y otros riesgos ambientales que estan relacionados causalmente con un incremento subito de ciertas enfermedades no contagiosas y con otros efctos biomedicos indeseables. Aunque en la Region de las Américas es mucho lo que se ha logrado en el abastecimiento de agua y el tratamiento de aguas de desecho, todavia queda mucho por hacer, especialmente a causa de los peligros quimicos de la epoca actual. En la Region, y en el resto del mundo, ha disminuido mucho la preparacion de personal capaz en casi todos los niveles. Ha sido lento el avance para alcanzar los objetivos del Decenio Internacional del Agua Potable y el Saneamiento Ambiental. Se han identificado diversas limitaciones que enfrentan los gobiernos...


Subject(s)
Health Planning , Sanitary Engineering/instrumentation , Environmental Health , Latin America , Project Formulation , Sanitation , Water Supply
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